priority_high Grammar made simple

The imperative in Fon

Giving an order, offering advice, expressing a prohibition: the imperative in fɔ̀ngbè is built without a pronoun (singular) or with “mi” (plural). A simple method, a single rule.

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1
Singular

Verb alone = direct order

The bare verb (no pronoun) at the start of the sentence = an order addressed to « you » (one person).

Wǎ !Come!
Yì !Go!
Sí !Get up!
Sí tɛ́n !Sit down!
Ðù !Eat!
2
Plural

Mi + verb = order to several people

To address a group, or to be polite, you add mi (you) before the verb.

Mi wǎ !Come! (plural)
Mi yì !Go ahead!
Mi byɔ́ !Come in!
Mi sí tɛ́n !Sit down! (plural)
Mi byɔ́ !
Come in! — invitation to several people

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3
Negation

Ma + verb + ǎ = prohibition

To forbid: ma + verb + ǎ.

Ma yì ǎ !Don’t leave!
Ma ɖɔ̀ ǎ !Don’t say anything!
Ma wǎ ǎ !Don’t come!
Ma fín ǎ !Don’t steal!
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Politeness tip

The bare Fon imperative can sound abrupt. Add kɛnklɛn (please) before or after to soften it: Wǎ kɛnklɛn (Come, please).

Three rules, every order

Verb alone (you, singular) / Mi + verb (you, plural) / Ma + verb + ǎ (prohibition) — you can phrase any order in Fon.

A fɔn ganji à ?
« Did you wake up well? » — lesson 1, free
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